患者参与已成为美国医疗保健组织的一项战略要求,并被吹捧为“the blockbuster drug of the century.世界卫生组织将患者参与的概念定义为“培养患者能力的过程”, 家庭, 护理人员, as well as health care providers, 促进和支持病人积极参与自己的护理, in order to enhance safety, 质量, 和 people-centeredness of health care service delivery.“患者参与的生活现实可能会因观察的角度而略有不同, but the goals are the same. 患者参与旨在减少对患者健康产生负面影响的行为, 就像吸烟, while simultaneously promoting 和 reinforcing positive behaviors, such as eating a balanced diet. 激励患者积极参与自己的健康可能是具有挑战性的, even when it comes to the most basic things like a yearly checkup. 然而,患者参与的好处对bet8网站备用和患者都是值得的.
Proven Outcomes
积极的临床结果是鼓励患者更多地参与他们的护理计划的主要原因. Recent studies have shown that increasing engagement 根据患者的参与程度量身定制护理有助于改善患者的健康状况.
When patients with a chronic disease are actively engaged, mortality rates are significantly reduced compared to control groups. Furthermore, studies involving diabetes patients 和 patients with heart failure-两个高危人群-已经显示出参与和遵守护理计划之间的直接关联,从而减少住院发生率和急诊室就诊次数.
To make engagement possible, 组织可以提供一些工具,使患者能够以他们喜欢的方式与bet8网站备用沟通. 组织可以这样做,同时为报告的分数做出贡献,比如医疗保险中心 & 医疗补助bet8娱乐(CMS)通过质量支付计划促进互操作性(PI)得分. CMS使用这个分数来确定每个参与组织的支付调整. Utilizing engagement tools positively contributes to these components, which compose the overall weighted score. 例如, 为患者提供电子获取健康信息的途径占到了总得分的近40%. 患者受益于有一个在线的方法来主动参与他们的护理计划, while the organization can receive a higher PI score for offering it.
The main draw for organizations, 然而, 这些分数中不应该包括经济奖励吗?每年的经济奖励可能会根据参与者的数量和每个人获得的分数而有所不同. 而, the main draw is that engagement tools, like the patient portal, are avenues to successfully reaching your patients, providing them access to their care 和 your system. Research conducted by Patient Experience Journal shows that in addition to the logistical benefits of using an online portal, 患者体验到心理上的好处,这与他们在护理中的合作和参与以及对提供者的信任有关. 在一个 研究 focused on patients with diabetes, 注册用户与他们与供应商之间的信任和沟通之间建立了积极的关系. 在本质上, by simply providing the tools that patients need, you can increase their level of trust in your care team, 哪些因素会让你的病人更容易接受bet8网站备用对治疗计划或未来就诊的建议.
Generational Preferences
Healthcare organizations should keep in mind that a one-size-fits-all approach to patient engagement will not be successful. 重要的是要了解和处理患者的代际偏好,并认识到他们对提供者的需求和期望会因年龄而异. As Christina Hoffman 和 Jamie DeMaria, PhD, discuss in their 白皮书, although patient engagement shares the same goals across all age groups, how it is understood 和 achieved varies greatly for different generations.
- Silent Generation or Traditionalists (born 1926–1945)
- Rely heavily on their physician to direct their care
- Tend to have frequent 和 longer visits due to their level of acuity
- 婴儿潮一代 (born 1946–1964)
- Seek counsel from their physicians, but also do their own research ahead of 和 after their appointment, as they are interested in reading about third-party evidence
- Often involved with healthcare decision-making for themselves, for their parents in the Silent Generation, 和 for their children in the Gen Y group
- X一代 (born 1965–1979)
- 总体健康,并认为他们的护理团队会帮助他们做出正确的护理决定
- 最有可能根据他们最近的经验更换医疗保健提供者
- Gen Y or Millennials (born 1980–1994)
- Utilize healthcare services at a low rate; the healthcare services they do access are more likely to be through a PCP, 一个妇产医院, or an urgent care center
- 从多个地方寻求健康信息,但与其他代际群体相比,他们不太愿意讨论自己的健康问题
- Z一代 (born 1995–2010)
- 努力保持平衡,作为他们整体健康的一部分,并乐于接触社交网络,寻求与健康有关的问题的答案
- 受父母价值观的引导,他们的父母通常属于X世代
Although there are many differences across generations in the United States, there are some similarities as well. 例如, shared decision-making is valued by all people across generations, as is responsibility for one’s own health. Furthermore, people across all generations can utilize technology. Although individuals have varying levels of ability, providers should not assume that older patients are not digitally savvy. 今天, 4 in 10 seniors are smartphone owners, which is double the number from 2013.
Motivational Preferences
动机可以根据患者心理需求驱动的内部因素和环境驱动的外部因素而变化. Both types can be summarized by Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs depicted in figure 2 below. 这个层次结构概述了每个因素与患者受影响的特征之间的关系. As proposed in Health St和ards’ Patient Engagement Is a 策略, Not a Tool, 这种层次结构在医疗保健中的应用可以帮助组织了解哪个级别最准确地反映了患者的当前动机状态.
Looking at the factors of each layer, 注意金字塔的不同层次是如何包括内部和外部因素的. 例如, the Safety layer can be attributed to internal factors, such as security of health, 和 external ones, such as security of family. The pyramid should be regarded as a spectrum, 患者在何处可分为多个层次,受内外因素影响.
Patients on the bottom level are motivated by physical 和 survival factors. 这个水平的患者可能会因为他们想要满足自己的需求而变得投入. 其次,处于金字塔中间的患者最不可能参与到他们的护理中. 这一群体将从易于理解的护理计划细节中获益,以增加参与度. 最后, patients toward the top are more concerned with factors such as esteem 和 self-actualization; like patients at the bottom level, they are more likely to be engaged in their care. To them, self-actualization can be realized through patient engagement.
Partner with the Patient Engagement Experts
As emphasis on patient engagement continues to grow, 医疗保健组织将通过及时了解趋势和更多地了解患者而受益. 首先看看世代因素和动机因素,以了解影响患者参与程度的根深蒂固的影响, but also consider factors like culture, 地理位置, 性别, sexual orientation, 在设计患者参与策略时考虑残疾问题,以确保采用整体方法.
心电图 is committed to optimizing the patient experience. 访问我们的 bet8娱乐 页面查看我们如何帮助您制定组织的患者参与策略.
Published July 31, 2020